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Gilles Deleuze

Difference and Repetition

"Difference and Repetition" by Gilles Deleuze is a groundbreaking work of philosophy that challenges traditional metaphysical concepts and offers a new perspective on the nature of identity, difference, and repetition. Published in 1968, this book is considered one of Deleuze's most important contributions to the field of philosophy. In "Difference and Repetition," Deleuze argues that traditional philosophy has focused too much on identity and sameness, at the expense of difference and repetition. He claims that difference and repetition are not secondary or derivative concepts, but rather primary and generative. According to Deleuze, difference is not simply the absence or negation of identity, but rather the active production of new and unique entities. Similarly, repetition is not the mere reproduction of the same, but rather the creation of new and distinct instances. Deleuze's concept of difference is rooted in his theory of "virtuality," which posits that there is a realm of virtual possibilities that exist alongside the actual world. Difference, for Deleuze, is the process by which virtual possibilities become actualized in the world. This process is not one of simple determination or causation, but rather a complex and dynamic interplay between the virtual and the actual. Deleuze's concept of repetition is similarly dynamic and complex. He distinguishes between two types of repetition: repetition as the reproduction of the same, and repetition as the creation of the new. The former is associated with habit and routine, while the latter is associated with creativity and innovation. "Difference and Repetition" is a dense and challenging work, but it is also a rewarding one. Deleuze's ideas have had a profound impact on a wide range of fields, from philosophy and psychology to art and literature. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in exploring the nature of difference, repetition, and identity in a deep and meaningful way...