Discover books similar to "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals"

David Hume

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals

In 'An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals', published in 1751, David Hume, the Scottish philosopher and historian, explores the nature of morality and its origins in human sentiment. Hume's work is a cornerstone of the Scottish Enlightenment and a significant contribution to moral philosophy. Hume's moral theory is grounded in his empiricist epistemology, which asserts that all knowledge comes from experience. He argues that moral distinctions are not derived from reason but from human sentiment, particularly the sentiment of approval or disapproval that we feel towards the character and actions of others. Hume's moral theory is thus a form of moral sentimentalism. The 'Enquiry' is divided into two parts. The first part examines the origin of moral distinctions and argues that they arise from the social instincts of human beings. Hume claims that we approve of actions that promote the welfare of society and disapprove of those that harm it. He also argues that moral distinctions are not universal but vary according to the customs and practices of different societies. The second part of the 'Enquiry' explores the foundation of morals and argues that moral distinctions are based on the moral sentiment of approval or disapproval. Hume claims that this sentiment is produced by the perception of virtue or vice in the character or actions of others. He also argues that moral judgments are not derived from reason but from the moral sense, which is a product of human sentiment. Hume's 'Enquiry' is a seminal work in moral philosophy that challenges traditional theories of morality based on reason and divine command. Hume's emphasis on the role of sentiment in moral judgment has influenced subsequent moral theories, including those of Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant. The 'Enquiry' is also notable for its clear and accessible style, which makes complex philosophical ideas accessible to a broad audience. In summary, 'An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals' is a groundbreaking work of moral philosophy that explores the nature of morality and its origins in human sentiment. Hume's theory of moral sentimentalism challenges traditional theories of morality and offers a nuanced and compelling account of the role of sentiment in moral judgment. The 'Enquiry' is a must-read for anyone interested in moral philosophy and the nature of morality...